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	<title>FireSwarm</title>
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	<description>onbemande vliegtuigjes voor bosbranden</description>
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		<title>FireSwarm</title>
		<link>http://fireswarm.nl</link>
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		<item>
		<title>Formation Tests with Paparazzi SImulator</title>
		<link>http://fireswarm.nl/2012/04/03/formation-tests-with-paparazzi-simulator/</link>
		<comments>http://fireswarm.nl/2012/04/03/formation-tests-with-paparazzi-simulator/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:05:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>merelvd</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://fireswarm.nl/?p=76</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[A swarm of UAVs has to find one or more fires in a dune area by processing the images taken with the cameras directed downwards on the UAVs. It is a legal requirement that during flight, the UAVs keep a &#8230; <a href="http://fireswarm.nl/2012/04/03/formation-tests-with-paparazzi-simulator/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=fireswarm.nl&#038;blog=28737652&#038;post=76&#038;subd=fireswarm&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A swarm of UAVs has to find one or more fires in a dune area by processing the images taken with the cameras directed downwards on the UAVs. It is a legal requirement that during flight, the UAVs keep a communication link with the ground station. This can either be a direct link or an indirect link through hopping. When a UAV turns or changes its altitude, the camera directed downwards shall have a limited view of the area beneath. Therefore, the amount of pitch and roll changes should by minimised.</p>
<p>In literature, many methods were found that handle similar problems. Here follows a  selection of the most interesting ones:</p>
<ul>
<li>Levy flight: flying randomly but with varying time steps</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Reynolds Boids / Potential fields: through attraction and repulsion between UAVs, several different behaviours can be established, e.g. swarming or formation flight.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Pheromones: Using markings in the environment to guide robots, e.g. ant algorithms.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Frontier-based: robots look for the frontier between known and unknown space and decide where the trade-off between the cost of going there and the amount of expected new information is best.</li>
</ul>
<p>In order to test these pattern formation and swarming algorithms for the swarm of UAVs, the Paparazzi simulator is used. Paparazzi is an open source autopilot, see the <a href="http://paparazzi.enac.fr/wiki/Main_Page">Paparazzi Wiki</a>. It includes the hardware and software for the autonomous aircraft as well as the complete ground station mission planning and monitoring software.<br />
Here you see an example of the behaviour of 10 UAVs when simulated with Levy flight combined with a repulsive force between UAVs. In this example no communication restrictions were used. The square is the area to be covered and spans 5 by 5 km.</p>
<p><a href="http://fireswarm.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/screenshot_repul_nocom.png"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-77" title="Screenshot_repul_noCOM" src="http://fireswarm.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/screenshot_repul_nocom.png?w=300&h=232" alt="" width="300" height="232" /></a></p>
<p>In Paparazzi, the easiest way to program the flight schedule for the individual UAVs is to set way points for each UAV. Then, each autopilot lays down the route to a way point. The carrots are the direction indicators of the UAVs.</p>
<p>The tested algorithms shall be assessed using the following function:</p>
<p><a href="http://fireswarm.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/formule.png"><img class="alignnone  wp-image-80" title="formule" src="http://fireswarm.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/formule.png?w=512&h=112" alt="" width="512" height="112" /></a></p>
<p>Where F is the function to be minimized,<br />
t is the flight time in which the swarm has covered 90% of the area,<br />
N is the number of UAVs,<br />
Dcomm is a discount for having no communication link,<br />
Wcomm is a weight factor,<br />
Dturn is a discount for large pitch and roll,<br />
Wturn is a weight factor.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	
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			<media:title type="html">merelvd</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">Screenshot_repul_noCOM</media:title>
		</media:content>

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			<media:title type="html">formule</media:title>
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	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Barbecue test</title>
		<link>http://fireswarm.nl/2012/03/09/barbecue-test/</link>
		<comments>http://fireswarm.nl/2012/03/09/barbecue-test/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 09 Mar 2012 09:03:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>bartvv</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://fireswarm.nl/?p=58</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[To test the camera that will be on board the UAV, we lit up a barbecue in the garden of Almende and took some pictures. This was a good opportunity to tweak camera settings, test startup scripts and of course: &#8230; <a href="http://fireswarm.nl/2012/03/09/barbecue-test/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=fireswarm.nl&#038;blog=28737652&#038;post=58&#038;subd=fireswarm&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>To test the camera that will be on board the UAV, we lit up a barbecue in the garden of Almende and took some pictures. This was a good opportunity to tweak camera settings, test startup scripts and of course: see how well we can recognize fire.</p>
<p>The box you see on the picture will also be the box that is going up in the air for the sensor test flight. In that box the breakout board (Summit) will be replaced by a board made by Salland Electronics, on which more sensors will be connected (a thermopile array, a 3M pixel camera and a gas sensor).</p>
<p><a href="http://fireswarm.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/img_1176.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-60" title="barbecue" src="http://fireswarm.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/img_1176.jpg?w=300&h=225" alt="merel keeps an eye on the bbq" width="300" height="225" /></a><a href="http://fireswarm.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/img_1179.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-62" title="box top" src="http://fireswarm.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/img_1179.jpg?w=300&h=225" alt="inside: summit, gumstix and caspa camera" width="300" height="225" /></a></p>
<p>In order to simulate the movement of the plane, the camera was rotating constantly from left to right by a simple construction of lego.</p>
<p><a href="http://fireswarm.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/img_1180.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-63" title="box front" src="http://fireswarm.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/img_1180.jpg?w=300&h=225" alt="inside: summit, gumstix and caspa camera" width="300" height="225" /></a><a href="http://fireswarm.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/img_1177.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-61" title="box back" src="http://fireswarm.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/img_1177.jpg?w=300&h=225" alt="inside: summit, gumstix and caspa camera" width="300" height="225" /></a></p>
<p>This was a nice test to see how sensitive the camera is for hot objects. When you combine a picture taken with an IR pass filter and a picture taken with an IR block filter, you can already distinguish the barbecue.</p>
<p><a href="http://fireswarm.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/burstrawoutfile0_1280_787767925.png"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-66" title="barbecue color" src="http://fireswarm.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/burstrawoutfile0_1280_787767925.png?w=300&h=191" alt="the image is a bit too green" width="300" height="191" /></a><a href="http://fireswarm.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/burstrawoutfile0_00010_445653087.png"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-65" title="barbecue near infrared" src="http://fireswarm.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/burstrawoutfile0_00010_445653087.png?w=300&h=191" alt="light spot where the bbq is, which is not visible on the color image" width="300" height="191" /></a></p>
<p>With these sample images we can already test out some fire detection algorithms.</p>
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			<media:title type="html">bartvv</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://fireswarm.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/img_1176.jpg?w=300" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">barbecue</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://fireswarm.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/img_1179.jpg?w=300" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">box top</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://fireswarm.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/img_1180.jpg?w=300" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">box front</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://fireswarm.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/img_1177.jpg?w=300" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">box back</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://fireswarm.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/burstrawoutfile0_1280_787767925.png?w=300" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">barbecue color</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://fireswarm.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/burstrawoutfile0_00010_445653087.png?w=300" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">barbecue near infrared</media:title>
		</media:content>
	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Sensor test vlucht</title>
		<link>http://fireswarm.nl/2012/01/04/sensor-test-vlucht/</link>
		<comments>http://fireswarm.nl/2012/01/04/sensor-test-vlucht/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 04 Jan 2012 10:00:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>bartvv</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://fireswarm.nl/?p=48</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In maart wordt de eerste testvlucht gehouden. Bij deze test gaan we kijken hoe goed de verschillende sensoren zijn in het herkennen van vuur. Daarvoor worden er verschillende objecten geplaatst zoals een auto met draaiende motor, een barbecue en een &#8230; <a href="http://fireswarm.nl/2012/01/04/sensor-test-vlucht/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=fireswarm.nl&#038;blog=28737652&#038;post=48&#038;subd=fireswarm&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In maart wordt de eerste testvlucht gehouden. Bij deze test gaan we kijken hoe goed de verschillende sensoren zijn in het herkennen van vuur. Daarvoor worden er verschillende objecten geplaatst zoals een auto met draaiende motor, een barbecue en een open vuur. Met deze objecten kunnen we onderzoeken hoe goed het onderscheidend vermogen is van de sensoren.</p>
<p>We zullen de volgende sensoren gaan testen:</p>
<ul>
<li>Normale camera (met een IR block filter)</li>
<li>NIR camera (camera met een IR pass filter)</li>
<li>Thermopile array (zoals in een thermal imaging camera, maar dan met weinig pixels)</li>
<li>PIR (zoals in een bewegingssensor, zeer goedkoop)</li>
<li>Microgolf sensor (zend microgolven uit en vangt de weerkaatsing weer op)</li>
<li>Gas sensor (bijvoorbeeld koolstofmonoxide)</li>
<li>Rook sensor</li>
</ul>
<p>De vlucht zal plaats vinden op vliegveld Woensdrecht, waarschijnlijk met de EasyStar. Bij de vlucht zal de UAV op verschillende hoogtes vliegen, om ook een idee te krijgen van de invloed van de hoogte op de vuurherkenning.</p>
<p><a href="http://fireswarm.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/pc134159-small.jpg"><img class="alignnone  wp-image-51" title="EasyStar" src="http://fireswarm.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/pc134159-small.jpg?w=300&h=224" alt="" width="300" height="224" /></a></p>
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			<media:title type="html">bartvv</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">EasyStar</media:title>
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	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Fireswarm kickoff</title>
		<link>http://fireswarm.nl/2011/11/04/fireswarm-kickoff/</link>
		<comments>http://fireswarm.nl/2011/11/04/fireswarm-kickoff/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 04 Nov 2011 14:35:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>annevanrossum</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://fireswarm.nl/?p=12</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Maandag 31 oktober 2011. De spannende start van dit uitdagende project om een zwerm van onbemande vliegtuigjes de lucht in te krijgen en ze een gemelde brand zo snel mogelijk op te laten sporen. De vliegtuigjes moeten intelligent genoeg zijn &#8230; <a href="http://fireswarm.nl/2011/11/04/fireswarm-kickoff/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=fireswarm.nl&#038;blog=28737652&#038;post=12&#038;subd=fireswarm&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Maandag 31 oktober 2011. De spannende start van dit uitdagende project om een zwerm van onbemande vliegtuigjes de lucht in te krijgen en ze een gemelde brand zo snel mogelijk op te laten sporen. De vliegtuigjes moeten intelligent genoeg zijn om dit zelf te kunnen doen. Een brandweerman beelden te laten zien van een hele vloot van vliegtuigjes is ondoenlijk! We willen zelfs niet dat de brandweerman naar een langzaam opgebouwde luchtfoto aan het staren is. Nee, het idee is als volgt. De brandweerman heeft controle over de vliegtuig zwerm. Hij/zij definiëert een gebied waar binnen de vliegtuigjes moeten blijven. Ook heeft de brandweerman controle over het terugsturen van de vliegtuigjes. De vliegtuigjes doen met hun eigen sensoren een &#8220;quick scan&#8221; voor mogelijke vuurhaarden. Voor geografische plekken met een hoge vuurhaardwaarschijnlijkheid, moet er verificatie optreden. Ten eerste, de vliegtuigjes vliegen in een zwerm; een vliegtuigje dat op lagere hoogte vliegt kan de gedane observatie verifiëren of falsificeren. Ten tweede, de betreffende plek kan worden gecontroleerd door middel van complexere beeldverwerking gebruik makend van meerdere vliegtuigjes. Ten derde, foto&#8217;s kunnen worden genomen en de brandweerman kan op de hoogte worden gesteld van de &#8220;ontdekte&#8221; vuurhaard.</p>
<p>De verschillende partners binnen het project benadrukken verschillende aspecten. Het MAVlab van TUDelft, met het wereldrecord van het kleinst vliegende robotje met camera (de DelFly micro) van 3 gram: <em>het moet zo licht mogelijk zijn</em>. Salland Electronics, met bijvoorbeeld sensoren in stoelen om iemands houding te meten die net zo lang mee gaan als de stoel (10 jaar): <em>het moet zo energiezuinig mogelijk zijn</em>. Almende B.V., onderzoek en commercialisatie van grootschalige systemen (honderden tot miljoenen individuen) door middel van zelf-organisatie: <em>ze moeten minder dan 1000 euro stuks zijn</em>. Groningen, onderzoek doende naar grootschalige systemen in de biologie, zwermen van vogels: <em>het moet zwermgedrag vertonen</em>. Het mooie van deze diverse aspecten is dat ze perfect samenkomen. Hoe lichter &#8211; hoe energiezuiniger &#8211; hoe goedkoper &#8211; hoe meer&#8230;</p>
<p>De volgende plenaire vergadering is op 30 november. De beslissingen vallen over de zogenaamde &#8220;payload&#8221;, alle sensoren die aan boord gaan van de onbemande vliegtuigjes. Natuurlijk, als u uw producten, bijvoorbeeld een goedkope infraroodsensor, wilt testen in deze uitdagende omgeving kunt u vliegensvlug contact met ons <a title="opnemen" href="http://www.almende.com/almende/pages/Research/Current-Projects/Fireswarm/569/Fireswarm.html?style=research">opnemen</a>. Wij zijn altijd geïnteresseerd in goedkope sensoren, aangezien we ze hopen uiteindelijk in <em>groten getale</em> te gaan afnemen!</p>
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			<media:title type="html">annevanrossum</media:title>
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		<title>FireSwarm introductie</title>
		<link>http://fireswarm.nl/2011/10/24/hello-world/</link>
		<comments>http://fireswarm.nl/2011/10/24/hello-world/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 24 Oct 2011 10:27:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>annevanrossum</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[FireSwarm is een project uitgevoerd door Almende, DevLab (Salland Electronics), TUDelft (MAVlab), Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, EagleVision, Brandweer Bergen en Veiligheidsregio Noord-Holland Noord.  In het FireSwarm project worden kleine vliegtuigjes ontwikkeld die in een zwerm zo snel mogelijk een duinbrand zullen opsporen.<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=fireswarm.nl&#038;blog=28737652&#038;post=1&#038;subd=fireswarm&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>FireSwarm is een project uitgevoerd door Almende, DevLab (Salland Electronics), TUDelft (MAVlab), Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, EagleVision, Brandweer Bergen en Veiligheidsregio Noord-Holland Noord.  In het FireSwarm project worden kleine vliegtuigjes ontwikkeld die in een zwerm zo snel mogelijk een duinbrand zullen opsporen.</p>
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